Effect of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 treatments on immune response, productive and reproductive performance of Damascus goats and their offspring. 1- Effect on quality and chemical composition of milk and Labneh.
A.
El-Ghandour
Dairy Tech. Dept., Animal Production Research Institute, (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt.
author
A.
Abou El-Ela
Sheep & Goats Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt.
author
Y.
Hafez
Sheep & Goats Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt.
author
M.
Abdel-Hafez
Sheep & Goats Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt.
author
text
article
2017
eng
SUMMARYThirty healthy Damascus does were selected in the last third of pregnancy period and assigned to three groups (10 each) considering their body weight. The first group fed on basal ration (according to NRC, 1981) composed of 60% concentrated feed mixture (CFM), 20% clover hay and 20% rice straw that served as control. The second group (A) fed on basal ration supplemented with 3mg/kg live body weight/day of Coenzyme Q10. The third group (B) fed on basal ration fortified with 40 mg/kg live body weight/day of L-Carnitine. Milk samples collected weekly up to 60 days to study the effect of these additives on milk physicochemical properties and its products, eg. yoghurt and labneh. Results showed significant improvement in the modified lactometer reading and total solids of treatments A and B compared to control and this was reflected on the time required for coagulation, being longer in A & B treatments than control one. Results revealed also an increase in coagulation time during manufacturing of Labneh which noticed on samples of A & B treatments. Labneh samples of treatment A showed a slight improvement in yield, curd tension, curd synersis, total solids, fat, protein, lactose and ash, followed by samples of treatmen B then control. Conversely, the rate of proteolysis and lipolysis, counts of total viable, lactic acid bacteria and yeast & moulds were found fewer in treatments A & B than control, along the storage period. Organoleptic evaluation cleared that Labneh of treatment A ( Co- Q10 ) recoded slightly higher score points than the others, along the storage period. The resultant Labneh of all treatments were characterized, generally, by clean acid flavour, firm body, good texture and acceptable appearance. Finally, it could be concluded that supplementation of dairy goats ration by Co-Q10 or L-Carnitine led to enhance the quality and chemical composition of the resultant milk as well as the products manufactured from it .
Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences
Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats
2090-0386
12
v.
2
no.
2017
1
10
https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_26314_cd642d8507c95b5f03a7120a994374f7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejsgs.2017.26314
IMMUNE AND HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BARKI EWES AND THEIR OFFSPRING AS AFFECTED BY FEEDING SOME FORAGE SHRUBS IN EGYPTIAN NORTHERN COAST.
Mohamed
Eissa
Sheep and Goats Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre.
author
Mohamed
Anwer
Sheep and Goats Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre.
author
Emad
El-Gohary
Sheep and Goats Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre.
author
Hesham
Ghobashy
Sheep and Goats Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre.
author
Adel
Saber
Sheep and Goats Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre.
author
El-Saeed
El-Wakeel
Sheep and Goats Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre.
author
text
article
2019
eng
ABESTRACTForty mature healthy Barki ewes at late pregnancy aged 3- 4 years and had average LBW 51.5±0.46 kg were used in this experiment. Ewes were randomly divided into 4 similar groups (10 each), to evaluate the viability of complete replacement of Berseem hay in the diet by leaves and stems of Acacia Niloitica, Atriplex Nummularia and Cassava Manihotesculenta shrubs, as well as to study their effects on the immunity indices of ewes and their lambs, blood biochemical parameters, blood pictures and mortality rates of new born lambs. All animals kept in a semi-open shaded yard and kept under the same managerial condition during the experimental period. The 1st group (G1) was fed the control diet consisted of 40 % concentrate feed mixture (CFM), plus 60% Berseem hay (BH), while the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups, BH was replaced by leaves and stems of Acacia (G2), Atriplex (G3) or Cassava (G4), respectively.Immunoglobulin’s levels (IgG and IgM) were estimated in ewes colostrum and serum of their offspring at 2, 6, 12 and 24 h post-partum. Meanwhile, blood pictures in whole blood, as well as, levels of glucose, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and Urea-N assayed in plasma of ewes and offspring during suckling period. In addition, mortality rate of newborn lambs were calculated.Results show that, IgG and IgM levels in ewes colostrum and lambs serum tended to decrease during the first 24 hours post-partum, showing significant (P<0.05) lowest levels at 24 h post- partum. Immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) levels in colostrum were significantly (P<0.05) affected by replacing Berseem hay with salt plants, where IgG and IgM concentrations were higher in all treated groups (G2, G3 and G4) comparing to control. Moreover, ewes in group G4 fed on Cassava showed higher colostrum IgG and IgM concentrations than other treated groups. Levels of IgG in lambs serum were significantly (P<0.05) the highest in G4 (22.64 mg/mL) fed on Cassava compared with control and other treatments groups, G1, G3 and G2 (21.71, 17.26 and 16.85, respectively). Moreover, Acacia, Atriplex and Cassava based diets enhanced (P<0.05) the concentration of lamb serum IgM compared to control. Cassava, diet (G4) significantly (P<0.05) improved hematological parameters of ewes compared to Acacia (G2), Atriplex (G3) and control (G1) groups. Groups fed either Acacia or Atriplex were within the same range of blood picture of the control group. Cassava group (G4) had greater percentage of viable lambs till weaning compared with either G2 or G3.Replacement of Berseem hay in lactating Barki ewes’ diets in Egyptian Northern Coast with Cassava, Atriplex or Acacia plants is recommended, as they did not have negative impact on the blood biochemical parameters of lactating ewes and their lambs, as well as, lambs mortality rates.
Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences
Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats
2090-0386
12
v.
2
no.
2019
1
14
https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_26315_f68b6138dced3acf0aff5fc271334789.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejsgs.2019.26315
Effect of Sunflower oil supplementation with or without thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris) on digestibility, milk production and milk fatty acid profile of dairy goats
Mohamed,
H.
Animal Prod. Research Institute, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
author
Haiam,
Sayed
Animal Prod. Research Institute, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
author
M.
Yacout
Animal Prod. Research Institute, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
author
M.
El-Maghraby
Animal Prod. Research Institute, Ministry of Agric., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2017
eng
ABSTRACTThis work aimed to investigate the effect of sunflower oil supplementation with or without Thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris) in lactating goat's rations on digestibility, milk yield, milk composition and milk fatty acid profile. Eighteen Zaribi goats of round 43 kg live body weight were divided into three similar groups (6 each) for the feeding trial that lasted 90 days. Three experimental rations were formulated, first control (T1) consisted of concentrate feed mixture (CFM) and berseem hay (1:1), second (T2) fed as T1 but supplemented at rate 3% of the total ration with sunflower oil (SO) and third one (T3) was fed as T2 but, supplemented with thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris, THY) at rate 25 g/h/d.Results showed that most digestibility of nutrients were significantly higher for T3 followed by T2 compared to the control (T1). However, to lesser extent CF digestibility was occurred with diet supplemented either with SO or SO+THY than the control. There was significant (P>0.05) increase in TDN value of T3, being 68.35% compared to control (66.39%). The control diet (T1) recorded the highest value of total saturated fatty acid, being 41.54%, while ration (T3) had the highest value of unsaturated fatty acid, being 35.47%. Supplementation with SO alone (T2) or with THY (T3) resulted in higher milk yield compared with control.In conclusion, results showed that supplementation with sunflower oil and Thyme leaves to lactating goat’s rations could increase milk yield and content of unsaturated fatty acids and decrease the saturated fatty acid in milk without any adverse effect on goats' health or lactation performance.
Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences
Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats
2090-0386
12
v.
2
no.
2017
1
10
https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_26317_81783b8f11757a00b0628c11968a6ff2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejsgs.2017.26317
Potential of tannin ferrous plants to improve efficiency of sheep production in dry areas
H.
Metawi
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
author
M.
Eissa
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
author
M.
Anwar
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
author
H.
Ghobashy
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
author
A.
Saber
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
author
S.
El-Wakeel
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
author
W.
Sadek
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
author
M.
Abd Elgawad
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
author
text
article
2017
eng
ABSTRACTKeywords: Acacia saligna – Cassava – Economic efficiency- Growing SheepINTRODUCTIONFeed resources deficiency considers one of the basic constraints to improve animal production in arid and semi-arid regions of Egypt. Improving nutritional status of livestock graze in desert (sheep, camels and goats), particularly during the prolonged dry seasons, could increase the average annual animal production by approximately 27%. Attention directed towards the necessity of utilizing the marginal resources, i.e. saline soils and underground water for producing unconventional animal feeds. The native natural rangelands constitute the principal feed resources in the Egyptian deserts. They are widely distributed throughout several regions of Egypt due to presence of numerous salines along the Mediterranean and Red Seas shores and inlands). Halophytes represent a major part of the natural range, particularly perennials and shrubby ones. The less and unpalatable plant species represent approximately 70% of the total coverage. Several attempts made towards utilization of such low value or unpalatable halophytic plants through proper processing methods to improve their palatability and nutritional utilization. Under semi-arid area condition, small ruminant fed on trees and shrubs such as Cassava and Acacia to solve the attendant problems of low productivity (El ShaerThis research was performed to study the effect of feeding ammoniated wheat straw and its mixture with Cassava or/and Acacia Saligna on methane emission and growth performance of Barki lambs under semi-arid condition. The study conducted at Animal Production Research Station, Borg El Arab, belonging to Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt. A total number of twenty five Barki lambs were randomly allocated into six groups. These animals often depend on low quality crop residues and limited feed supplement. Egyptian desert consider a source of tannin-ferrous plants (TFP) along the year. These plants had lot of nutritive problems need to solve before depending on them as a fodder. In vitro experiments conducted to evaluate the effect of several mixtures of TFP with urea treated wheat straw (TWS) on dry matter degradation, ammonia-N and methane production. Six treatments were examined(G1) CFM+ Acacia Saligna (A): TW Sat (50:50), (G2) CFM+ Prosopis Juliflora (P): TWS at (50:50), (G3) CFM+ Cassava (C): TWS at (50:50), (G4) CFM+ A: P: TWS at (25: 25: 50), (G5) CFM+ A: C: TWS at (25: 25: 50) and (G6) CFM+ P: C: TWS at (25: 25: 50), respectively. Samples of each forage type collected after 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation for determination of cumulative gas production. In addition, thirty growing male Barki lambs, aged average 3 months were used to study the effect of the tested rations on growth performance. The results showed that the condensed tannin (CT) content ranged from 20 (A: C: TWS –G5) to 30 g/kg DM (Acacia saligna). Methane production per unit of fermented DM was inversely related to protein solubility. G1showed a lower (P<0.01) ruminal NH3-N concentration which associated with the decrease (P<0.01) in rumen protein degradability. After 24 h of in vitro incubation, CH4 production was17, 18, 17, 15, 13 and 14 ml, for all groups, respectively. Daily body gains were significantly affected by tested rations. The highest values recorded with G 5. Consequently, consumption of combination of TFP containing various classes of secondary components with resource of NPN leads to reduce CH4 emission from ruminants and improve lamb growth performance.
Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences
Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats
2090-0386
12
v.
2
no.
2017
1
12
https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_26318_54e77bdd8c24d593e56590e51df1b835.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejsgs.2017.26318
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT HOUSING SYSTEMS WHILE FEEDING THREE TIMES DAILY ON PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF FARAFRA MALE LAMBS UNDER HOT CLIMATE CONDITION
M.
Boraei
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Agric., Anim. Prod. Department, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
author
M.
El-Sysy
Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Agric., Anim. Prod. Department, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Y.
Hafez
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
author
O.
El-kheshen
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2017
eng
SUMMARYTwenty Farafra male lambs aged 3-4 months and weighed 15.59 ±1.99kg randomly distributed into two groups (10 animals each). First group kept in semi-open shaded yard and the second in open yard with double asbestos roof pen. The experiment lasted 140 days (23 May to 10 October 2015). Feed of animals in the two groups consisted of 75% concentrate feed mixture and 25% corn silage. All animals offered feed three times per day (at 8 am,1 and 6 pm). The results showed significant increase (P >0.05) in total body weight gain of the first group than the second group (21.67 vs.19.38 kg) and average daily gain (0.154 vs. 0.138 kg). Dry matter intake was slightly higher in first group than the second one (1.071 vs.1.035 kg/h/d) and the same with feed conversion efficiency (6.95vs.7.50). At the morning there were no significant differences between the first and second groups in relative humidity (70.2 vs. 67.8), temperature humidity index (71.1 vs. 72.3), respiration rate (34.97 vs. 41.99), while rectal temperature was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the first group than the second (39.35 vs. 39.5). At afternoon the relative humidity was significantly (P<0.001) lower in the first group than the second (32 vs. 47.3). Temperature humidity index was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the first group than the second (90.6 vs. 84). Respiration rate was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the first group than the second (59.95vs.51.35) and rectal temperature was higher in the first than the second group (39.70 vs.39.63).The results indicate that rearing Farafra lambs in semi-open shaded yard is better than in open yards with double asbestos roof pen in productive and physiological performance.
Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences
Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats
2090-0386
12
v.
2
no.
2017
1
8
https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_26319_8d76d64d433f9fc616ab6fab273bfc28.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejsgs.2017.26319
Effect of Polymorphism of Calpastatin gene, Age on meat Tenderness for Carcasses in Local Awassi sheep
Wafaa
Ibrahim
College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
author
Ali
kali
Ministry Of Agriculture.
author
text
article
2017
eng
ABSTRACTThis study was conducted in the livestock farm, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad and the Genetic Resources Laboratories Unit, Animal Resources Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Biotechnology Research Center, AL-Nahrain University. The study was carried out during the period from Mid-July 2014 to 1st April 2015. The aim of the study was to determine the genotypic polymorphism of Calpastatin (CAST) gene and its association with a number of qualitative characteristics of sheep meat of local Awassi sheep carcasses, considering the effect of the animal sex. The study utilized 40 animals of local Awassi sheep; 20 males and 20 females, from which blood and tissue samples (Longissimus dorsi muscle, LD, and Biceps femoris muscle, BF) were collected. After DNA collection from blood samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was followed using the primer of Intron I from L domain of the ovine calpastatin gene, which resulted in a full amplicon length of 565 bp fragment. The PCR products was digested using restriction endonucleases MspI to identify the genotypes of the CAST gene following the PCR-RFLP technique. Digested products were separated by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel and visualized after staining with ethidium bromide on UV transilluminater. The MspI digestion of the PCR products produced digestion fragments of 306 bp (allele M) and 259 bp (allele N). Genotypic frequency was 75.00, 22.50 and 2.50% for the MM, MN and NN genotypes, respectively. The variation among these frequencies were highly significant. Allele frequency estimates were 0.86 and 0.14 for the M and N alleles, respectively. General qualities of tenderness and acceptability were not affected significantly with different genotypes of the gene. However, the difference in age was highly significantly (P≤0.01) affecting the sensory qualities (flavor, tenderness, juiciness and public acceptance), reaching the highest value for the recipe flavored at age 2-4 years (4.83). The highest value for the mellowness was at age 1-2 years. It amounted 3.18 and showed the highest value of prescription juiciness at age 1-2 years (2.95), while other ages (2-4 years and more than 4 years) were 2.27 and 2.74, respectively. Significant differences (P<0.05) were shown due to age effect for the same muscle; 5.53, 5.34 and 5.24 for the age classes 1-2 years, >4 years and 2-4 years, respectively. The muscle post-mortem pH was not affected by the genotype in either LD or BF muscles, in different age classes. Water—holding capacity was significantly affected by the CAST genotype and showed significant differences (P<0.05). It is therefore concluded that age of animals and CAST genotype can be relied on for selection porposes for meat quality in Awassi sheep.
Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences
Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats
2090-0386
12
v.
2
no.
2017
1
10
https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_26320_8dead9f1045dc5ce2f11d1a209397a00.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejsgs.2017.26320