@article { author = {Mansour, Hussein}, title = {GOOD FARMING PRACTICES}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-1}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27068}, abstract = {Food Safety is a public health priority that requires a global approach, fromproduction to consumption to optimize the food safety control of animal originproducts. Animals and their products are potential causing of food borne illness; theirproducts are good media for growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Animal healthstatus must be assessed with regard to any infectious (bacterial and viral) or parasiticagents, and especially zoonotic agents, that they could be carrying at the primaryproduction stage.Residues of veterinary drugs, pesticides and other chemical contaminants arepotential sources for animal products contamination. Equipment‘s carry risks of furthercontamination from man or the environment or growth of inherent pathogens.Implementing proper hygienic control measure on farm to secure animal productsthroughout the food chain is essential to ensure its safety and suitability for theirintended use.Therefore, implementing the proper hygienic control measures throughout the foodchain is essential to ensure the safety and suitability of these foods for their intendeduse.The purpose of the presented paper is to provide information on the maininternational food safety regulatory systems that starts from farm. This would be usefulin the development of national and domestic regulations for good farming practices.Special consideration will be given to Codex Alimentarius. Legislation should be basedon science and risk management principles that target risks to human and animal healthfrom the consumption or use of animal products and the facilitation of trade of thoseproducts.The following eight key aspects of Good Farming Practices, on the primaryproduction level, will discussed: Animal health conditions, animal feeding and water,veterinary drugs, environmental control, buildings and other facilities: surroundings &preparation of animals for slaughter, milking hygiene, common measures for recordkeeping and traceability, animal welfare.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27068.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27068_62a17209fc35455a4091e927ac8817ef.pdf} } @article { author = {Shoukry, M.}, title = {An Overview on the Potentiality of using Agri-by-Products in Feeding the Ruminants}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-1}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27070}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThis study reviews the estimated feed requirements of ruminant livestock expressed interms of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible crude protein (DCP) availablein different feedstuff sources. At the same time the feed resources available are eithergreen fodder, roughages or concentrates which can contribute in feeding ruminants. Thederived estimates show a shortage in TDN requirements estimated by 2.28 million tonswhile DCP shows surplus of about 50 thousand tons.After reviewing several proposals to correct the balance of fodder and thedevelopment of manufacturing feeds and how to make the best use of the availableagricultural residues, the lowest annual estimate of TDN increase is about 25.5 milliontons. It could be achieved through using simple techniques such as treatment with ureasolution or ammonia, supporting and enrichment of poor quality roughages withvitamins and minerals and urea mixture or use of complete rations and ensiling crops.It can be conceptualized to address the gap feed in animal nutrition as it shows in thefollowing table that the nutritive values of raw agri-by-products (used unimproved) is2730 tons TDN. If they has been adapted and enriched can raise their nutritive value byabout 25% which accomplish an increase of 682 thousand tons of TDN, and if 60% ofagricultural residues that are neglected and burned are used for feeding, 3500 tons TDNmore will be added, thus the total value added is about 4182 tons TDN . This amountcovers the shortage in fodder balance. Meanwhile, there is a remained large surplus ofTDN which could replace the use of vast amount of clover in winter, thus save about50% of the area cultivated by fodder to cultivate wheat that burden the provision ofhard currency of the country.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27070.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27070_dc856fd096a7a6ad13414d69b2f48c86.pdf} } @article { author = {Galal, Salah}, title = {ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES IN NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REGION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EGYPT AND SMALL RUMINANTS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-14}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27072}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27072.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27072_cffe63675b9595f289517d5289dfa586.pdf} } @article { author = {Galal, Salah}, title = {ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES IN NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REGION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EGYPT AND SMALL RUMINANTS.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-14}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27074}, abstract = {SUMMARYNear East and North Africa (NENA) countries are endowed with rich animal geneticresources (AnGR). To maintain such valuable diversity, the countries need to update andupgrade the information on their livestock breeds and develop their sustainable utilization.NENA countries are apparently among the least countries with endangered breeds. Thisconclusion could be due partly to the fact that little development took place for their breeds butcould also be due to the fact that the great part of these breeds are with no population statistics,hence no objective evaluation of their degree of endangerment. Iran has got the highestnumber of reported small ruminant breeds among NENA countries (41) followed by Morocco(38) and Sudan (28). Egypt has got listed 12 breeds of sheep and 7 of goats. Greatly needed isthe establishing of the institutional structures for the proper management of AnGR. Countriesneed to network among them and with the international organization and to establish aRegional Focal Point to catalyze such networking.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27074.html}, eprint = {} } @article { author = {Sarwar, M. and Shahzad, M. and Nisa, M.}, title = {Small Ruminant Production in Pakistan}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27075}, abstract = {ABSTRACTLivestock sector receives a considerable share by small ruminants (sheep &goat) with 85.7 million heads. Sheep (28) and goat (34) breeds in the country reflectvaluable diversity in the gene pool. Mainly they are raised for meat with milkproduction as secondary product. Higher goat population (58 million) compared to theother livestock species indicates its economic importance and adaptation to differentagro-ecological zones of the country. Small ruminants share about 57% of the ruminantpopulation and 27% of red meat production (i.e., 2191 thousand tones). Despitediversity among these gene pool, small ruminants are not performing the potential theseanimals inherit. There are multiple factors which adversely influence small ruminantproduction like under and imbalanced nutrition, lack of well developed marketingsystem and disease prevention, etc. and thereby hijacks is the real profit associated withthis enterprise. This paper briefly highlights the potential of small ruminants, possibleconstrains to their production and probable remedies to abate these threats.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27075.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27075_96f2034c2d5131b9c8c680e31bdf7e5f.pdf} } @article { author = {Makhdoomi, D.}, title = {CLINICAL MALADIES OF SHEEP WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KASHMIR}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27077}, abstract = {The economics of a sheep farm depends on lambing percentage and later on thesurvival of these lambs that can produce an adult stock for future. It is imperative tocurb lamb mortality by various diseases .The mortality of lambs may be expected astheir immune system is not well developed as in adults. Various of disease reportedcausing lamb mortality are diseases of fetus during intrauterine life e.g. prolongedgestation, intra uterine infections, abortion, fetal death with resorption ormummification. Diseases associated with dystocia, causing cerebral anoxia or fetalhypoxemia and their consequence and predisposition to other diseases. Early postnataldiseases like hypoglycemia and hypothermia due to poor mothering and exposure tocold, low vigor in neonates due to malnutrition, delayed postnatal disease likecolibacillosis, joint ill, lamb dysentery, septicaemic disease, most of viral entericinfections Non infectious diseases like ) hypothermia, hypoglycemia / starvation,congenital diseases of newborns, chromosomal abnormalities and inheritance viralinfections, nutritional deficiency, iodine/vitamin –deficiency. Foot Rot is a problemoften overlooked by shepherds and sometimes taken too lightly as a cause of monetaryloss and loss of thriftiness in sheep. Once loosed in a flock, foot rot can become apersistent reoccurring nightmare. The shepherd should take notice and act aggressivelyat the first sign that foot rot may be present in a flock. Foot rot is often in the soil onfair grounds and auction barns and all newly purchased sheep. Meanwhile, sheep backhome from fairs or shows should be penned separately and inspected for foot rot. Keepthe feet of your sheep trimmed so there are no pockets for the bacteria to thrive. Thereare numbers of copper and zinc based products on the market to treat against foot rotand scald as well as a vaccine that is fairly effective.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27077.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27077_c1f473582335925b9792eaaea78a1668.pdf} } @article { author = {Shrestha, J.}, title = {HETEROSIS RETENTION AND INTER-BREED RECOMBINATION AMONG NONALLELIC GENES ASSOCIATED WITH CROSSBREEDING AND SYNTHESIS OF BREEDS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-48}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27078}, abstract = {ABSTRACTSystematic crossbreeding and newly developed synthetic populations based oncomplementary breeds of exotic and/or indigenous origin, in conjunction with selectionfor specific objectives among economically important traits has consistently expeditedrapid genetic improvement of production efficiency along with the income andprofitability of the livestock and poultry enterprises. The breakdown of desirablecombinations of segregating alleles inherited from many of the parental breeds duringcrossbreeding or the development of synthetic populations could lead to loss ofdesirable morphological characteristics and production performance. This may beattributed to the inter-breed recombination among non-allelic genes (epistasis)decreasing the proportion of retained heterosis, both direct and maternal. In addition torecombination loss, selection over subsequent generations increase the loss of withinbreed variability, decrease effective population size and hasten the rate of inbreeding.Research results on recombination loss in the parents and their offspring have oftenbeen conflicting. Precise estimates require large numbers of breeds and their crossesindependent of environmental influence. The objective of the present study is todiscuss crossbreeding strategies capable of retaining heterosis in the followinggenerations while enhancing genetic merit of parents and their offspring.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27078.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27078_af735de2f93d283db19bd75176a71b25.pdf} } @article { author = {R., Al-Atiyat and Rewe, T. and Herold, P. and Zárate, A.}, title = {A SIMULATION STUDY TO COMPARE DIFFERENT BREEDING SCENARIOS FOR BLACK BEDOUIN GOAT IN JORDAN}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27080}, abstract = {ABSTRACTRecently a national Black Bedouin meat goat breeding program has beencarried out in the Agriculture station of Mutah University in Jordan but it has not so farresulted in clear genetic improvement. The most important reason for this failure is thelack of an optimizing breeding program design. The aim of this study is to show resultsof four different simulated scenarios that evaluate the feasibility of Black Bedouinbreeding programs in Jordan using ZPLAN software. The breeding goal was a highermarketing weight of kids at 6 months old, whereas selection criteria were doe milk total andpartial, birth weight, weaning weight, dam weight, prolificacy and daily gain. The firstScenario was consisting of two closed tier scheme in which bucks were onlydisseminating from nucleus to commercial farms. The Second Scenario was alsoconsisting of two tier close nucleus in which dissemination were occurred to both bucksand does into commercial farms. The third scenario was considering open scheme forbucks of two tiers. Finally, the fourth Scenario was consisting of two tier open schemefor both bucks and does disseminating downward to commercial population andimporting bucks only from commercial population. Modeling results indicate thatoverall annual profit of the first scenario was only economically profitable (0.264 € perdoe).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27080.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27080_93266bb494bf3aed79f0356f35c0e10e.pdf} } @article { author = {A., Hermas, and A., Ahtash, and A., Majid,}, title = {GROWTH MEASURES OF LIBYAN GOAT BREEDS AND THEIR CROSSES}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27082}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThis study was conducted at Bier- Alghanem Experiment Station, 80 km SouthWest Tripoli. The aim was to assess the growth traits of Local breeds; Mahali (M),Targhi (T), Tibawy (Tb)); imported Breeds; Cyprus Damascus (D), MurcianoGranadina (S)), Reciprocal Crosses of Local breeds, and crosses of Mahali breed withimported breeds. Traits studied included birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW),yearling weight (YW) and daily gain until weaning (DGW). Analysis of variance (SASGLM) was used to analyze the data. The model included: Year, type of birth, sex, andbreed or type of crossing where all managed as fixed effects. The results indicatedsignificant effect of year, sex and type of birth (P < 0.05). Local breeds showed nosignificant differences in pre-weaning traits but post weaning traits were significantlydifferent (P < 0.05). The reciprocal crosses of local breeds and those of Mahali withimported breeds showed differences indicating maternal and genetic maternal effects.Large variation within the crosses indicated differences within each breed and thatselection within pure breeds could improve the crosses.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27082.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27082_de5566f0dd2a4c5ed35780cb952eb387.pdf} } @article { author = {A., Ahtash, and S., Hermas, and I., Azaga, and A., Kurdi ,}, title = {FACE COLOR EFFECT ON GROWTH RATE OF LIBYAN BARBARY LAMBS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27083}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThe Libyan Barbary sheep Dynasty marked to bear range harsh conditions such assevere lack of rain in some seasons and the high temperature and therefore its ability toimprove productivity in good environmental conditions. The Libyan Barbary sheepgenerally have a white body colour with white or black built or patches on the head andlegs. This study aimed to assess the possible effect of face colour on growth rate ofLibyan Barbary sheep towards developing improved lines of Barbary sheep accordingto face colour. The study included also the effect of some other factors such as year, sex, birth type and age of mother on growth characteristics . This study was carried out atBir El Ghanam Research Station located 80 km southwest of Tripoli. The breedingsystem in this station extend according to range availability and presence of rain , wheresheep grazed during morning and return by the end of the day. Animals fed onconcentrate feed (14% protein) and barley or wheat straw pasture during the summermonths. Growth rate records for lambs born during the seasons 2002 and 2003 wereused as a base to divide according to face colour. Results show the overall means ofbirth weight (3.66 kg) and weaning weight (31.48 kg). Statistical analysis revealed nonsignificant influence of face colour on birth weight of lambs during all seasons, whileits effect on weaning weights of lambs was significant. Lambs which was addressed toblack face colour had the heavier weight . The factors year ,sex and type of birth havesignificant effects on birth weight, weaning weights and weights before and afterweaning, where differences varied from year to year. Male lambs were heavier thanfemale Lambs and single lambs was heavier than the twins. Therefore, it is worth wise to suggest using face-colour as a base to select lines specialized in the production ofmeat. The results of this study stressed the significance of remaining non-geneticfactors like sex, type and year of birth.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27083.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27083_3f92b3eb8db5ec3a3d0b59d65d09384a.pdf} } @article { author = {A., Al-Sobayil, and El-Zarei, M. and Al-Saef, A. and Zeitoun, M. and Khalil, M.}, title = {CROSSBREEDING COMPONENTS FOR SOME SEMEN PARAMETERS OF BUCKS OBTAINED FROM CROSSING SAUDI ARADI GOATS WITH DAMASCUS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27360}, abstract = {ABSTRACTA crossbreeding program between Aradi Saudi breed (A) with Syrian Damascusbreed (D) was practiced for three years to produce ½D½A genotype. A total number of191 ejaculates collected from 42 bucks fathered by 12 sires and mothered by 42 damswere used to evaluate semen characteristics of bucks. An animal model was used toestimate heritabilities and permanent environmental effects and variance componentsobtained by this animal model were used to solve the corresponding mixed modelequations, obtaining solutions for the genetic group means and their standard errors. Ageneralized least square procedure was used to estimate direct additive genetic effectsand direct heterosis. Heritabilities obtained for semen characteristics were mostlymoderate or low and ranged from 0.04 to 0.16. Direct additive effects were in favor ofAradi bucks by 11.4% for ejaculate volume, 4.2% for live sperms and 5.7% for totalsperm output relative to Damascus bucks, while a reverse trend in favor of Damascusbucks was recorded for sperms concentration (-3.6%), total motility of sperms (-15.0%), and dead sperms (24.5%). Positive and significant estimates of direct heterosisfor volume of ejaculate (16.3%), total sperms output (12.5%), sperms concentration(5.4 %) along with a negative estimate recorded for abnormal sperms percentage (-3.3%) were favorable for crossbred bucks; i.e. crossing Saudi Aradi does withDamascus bucks was associated with an increase in ejaculate volume (0.245 ml,P<0.01) and sperm concentration (0.15 x 109 per ml, P<0.05) along with a reduction inpercentage of abnormal sperms (-0.45 %, P<0.05).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27360.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27360_124af9ade048f4351cd1f32758112a66.pdf} } @article { author = {Osman, Mona and Abdelharith, Hanaa and Raheem, A.}, title = {LIFETIME PERFORMANCE TRAITS AND ESTIMATE OF THEIR GENETIC PARAMETER IN ZARAIBI GOATS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-1}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27361}, abstract = {SUMMARYThis study includes data of 587 Zaraibi does, raised at El-Serw Station(Domietta Governorate), Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform during theperiod 1991-2005. Estimates of least squares means per doe of total number of kidsborn (TNKB), total number of kids weaned (TNKW), total kilograms born (TKGB),total kilograms weaned (TKGW), total milk yield (TMY)and weaning (WW) andyearling weights (YW) of kids were 6.50, 4.85, 10.07, 50.64, 865.95, 10.7 kg and23.7kg, respectively. The differences between years were significant in TNKB, TKGB,WW and YW. Season of birth had non significant effect on all lifetime production traitsand significant effect on WW and YW, while, type of birth affected TNKB, TNKW,TKGB and WW. The effect of age of dam was not significant on all studied traits.Partial correlation coefficients between all presented traits in this study are positive andranged from 0.06 to 0.94. Heritability estimates for TNKB, TKGW, TMY and WWranged from 0.09 to 0.12, from 0.08 to 0.12, 0.20 to 0.22 and 0.11 to 0.30, respectively,while heritability of YW was estimated as 0.21. Genetic correlations between thestudied traits were positive except that between WW and TMY and ranged from highestimate (0.92) between TNKB and TMY to low estimate (-0.29) between TMY andWW.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27361.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27361_cff24383302c5309454eb7b34201ea05.pdf} } @article { author = {Sarwar, Muhammad and Mukhtar, Nasir and Shahzad, Muhammad and Nisa, Mahr-}, title = {TRADITIONAL VERSUS HIGH INPUT FEEDING SYSTEM: IMPACT ON NUTRIENTS INTAKE, BLOOD DYNAMICS, HORMONAL PROFILE, WEIGHT GAIN AND ECONOMICS IN GROWING LAMBS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {2-20}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27362}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThe study was planned to compare the influence of high and low input feedingsystems on nutrients ingestion, digestibilities, nitrogen retention (NR), blood ureanitrogen (BUN), metabolic hormones, liver enzymes and economics of weight gain ingrowing male lohi lambs. Eighty lambs, 3 months of age, were randomly divided intoten groups with eight animals in each. Ten diets were formulated. The diet F onlycontained barseem fodder (hay) while nine isocaloric diets with three levels of crudeprotein (CP) i.e. low protein (LP, 18%CP), medium protein (MP, 22%CP) and highprotein (HP, 26%CP) with ionophores (LPI, MPI and HPI) and probiotics (LPP, MPPand HPP) were formulated. Inclusion rate of ionophores and probiotics in diets was20ppm and 0.1% of ration, respectively. The LP, MP and HP diets were grouped asconcentrate (C) diets. These CP diets when supplemented with ionophores andprobiotics were grouped as CI and CP diets. Lambs fed C, CI, CP diets consumedhigher feed than those fed F diet. A linear and quadric increase (p<0.05) in nutrientsintake was observed in lambs fed C, CI and CP diets with increasing dietary CP level.Similar trend was noticed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) intakes (p<0.05). However, ionophores and probiotics supplementation did notaffect feed consumption in lambs fed C, CI and CP diets. Dry matter digestibility andnitrogen retention was higher (p<0.05) in lambs fed C, CI and CP diets than those fed Fdiet. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased linearly with increasing dietary CP inthe concentrate diets. However, ionophores and probiotics supplementation did not  affect BUN (p<0.05). Serum creatinine was not affected by ionophores or probiotics,however, increased linearly with increasing dietary CP in the concentrate diets.Cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL were higher (p<0.05) in lambs fedconcentrates than those fed fodder only. Serum calcium, P and Cl were higher (p<0.05)and blood pH was lower (p>0.05) in lambs fed concentrate diets than those fed fodderonly. A gradual increase in dietary crude protein concentration of C, CI and CP dietsincreased triiodothrionine (T3), thyroxin (T4) and testosterone in lambs compared to  those fed on fodder. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were higher (P<0.05) in lambsfed concentrates than those fed fodder only. A linear increase was observed in bloodALT with increasing CP levels in concentrate diets. Economic appraisal indicated thatfeed to gain ratio was lower in lambs fed concentrate diets than those fed dietscontaining fodder only. Total feed cost of lambs fed concentrate diets was higher (p<0.05) than those fed fodder only. However, cost to produce one kg live weight oflambs fed concentrates were lower (p >0.05) than those fed diets containing fodder onlyreflecting that high concentrate portion in feed reduced the cost of production ingrowing lambs.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27362.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27362_da15efbc7fb87b33a89a5f7e91e4e3ef.pdf} } @article { author = {Iqbal, Zafar and Sarwar, Muhammad and Sajid, Muhammad and Abbas, Rao and Khan, Muhammad and Shahzad, Muhammad and Khan, Mohammad}, title = {FOR AND AGAINST THE USE OF CONDENSED TANNINS FOR SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION – A CRITICAL ANALYSIS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-18}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27363}, abstract = {ABSTRACTIndo-Pak subcontinent has a rich history of small ruminant farming. There are manyindigenous breeds of sheep and goat contributing to the national economy and foodsecurity of the region. Small ruminant farming reared by the pastoralists, settlers andnomadic people mainly relies on the rangelands and temporary community pastures.Historically, the shepherds offer their flocks the leaves and soft stems of many trees andshrubs, now known to have tannin contents. The performance of the animals has alwaysfound better with the animals fed on traditional forages containing tannins. Until lastcouple of decades, there was no scientific evidence of the beneficial and/or adverseeffects of tannins. There are, however, many researches published during the last fewyears, which have reflected upon the multiple benefits or harmful effects of thecondensed tannins in small ruminants. More of the published research advocates the useof tannins for enhancing the animal production. Nevertheless, a debate is needed to use,disuse, judicious use and significance of animal feeds supplemented with tannin or thetannininferous forages. This paper offers a critical analysis of the conclusions based onthe research on tannin feeding and potential of tannin containing forages in improvingnutrient utilization and availability of proteins for better performance in smallruminants. Suitable recommendations have been made based on logical discussion on“pros and cons” of tannin feeding.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27363.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27363_e8a41a3121b1337850635b6fe187b7ff.pdf} } @article { author = {Nisa, Mahr- and Shahzad, Muhammad and Sarwar, Muhammad}, title = {NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF ENZOSE AS REPLACEMENT OF CORN GRAIN FOR GROWING LAMBS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27364}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThe study was conducted to evaluate the potential of enzose as substitute ofcorn grain for energy in growing lambs. Five experimental diets were formulated. Thecontrol diet (E0) had no enzose whereas enzose replaced 20, 40, 60 and 80% corn grainin E20, E40, E60 and E 80 diets on the basis of energy supply, respectively. Fiftygrowing lambs were divided into 5 groups, 10 animals in each, in a randomizedcomplete block design. The dry matter intake increased linearly with increasing thedietary enzose concentration. Similar trend was observed for crude protein, neutral andacid detergent fibres. Lambs fed E80 diet gained higher weight than those fed E0 diets.Maximum weight gain was recorded in lambs fed diets containing maximumconcentration of enzose. Cost of feed per Kg live weight produced was higher in lambsfed E0 diet than those fed E80 diet; however, feed conversion ratio remained unalteredacross all diets. Replacing corn with enzose had also non-significant effect on carcasscharacteristics. In conclusion, enzose can be used as an economical feed ingredient toreplace corn grain upto 60%, without any adverse effects on growth performance ofgrowing lambs.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27364.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27364_1a589b9b49b8598906288191d7e00960.pdf} } @article { author = {Shahzad, Muhammad and Sarwar, Muhammad and Nisa, Mahr- and Sharif, Muhammad}, title = {CORN STEEP LIQUOR, A POTENTIAL SUBSTITUTE OF UREA FOR GROWING LAMBS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-14}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27365}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThe study was aimed to evaluate corn steep liquor (CSL), a by- product of cornstarch processing, as a potential substitute of urea and its influence on nutrients intake,digestibilities and economics of weight gain for growing lambs. Five experimentaldiets, CSL0, CSL20, CSL40, CSL60 & CSL80, were formulated to replace urea byCSL at the rates of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% on the basis of N supply, respectively. Fiftygrowing lambs were divided into 5 groups of 10 animals each in a randomizedcomplete block design. Maximum and minimum dry matter (DM) intakes wererecorded for lambs fed diets containing highest (CSL80) and null (CSL0) concentrationof CSL, respectively. Crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutraldetergent fiber (NDF) intakes also followed the same trend. Digestibilities of DM, CP,NDF and ADF increased with ascending replacement of CSL to urea. Lambs fed CSLgained higher weight than those fed CSL0 diet. Maximum weight gain was recorded forlambs fed diet containing maximum concentration of CSL. Cost of feed per Kg liveweight produced was slightly decreased if not being similar due to ascendingreplacement with CSL. However, feed conversion ratio showed the best value withCSL80, followed by CSL60 and CSL40 while the poorest with CSL0 and CSL10 (P <0.05). The findings of the present study indicated significant increase in nutrients intakeand weight gain without any adverse effects on growth performance of lambs whenCSL was used up to 80% on N basis as replacement of urea.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27365.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27365_2b5a9d0f8e33d2991fe92b88ced4691e.pdf} } @article { author = {Shawket, Safinaz and Ahmed, M. and Ibrahim, M.}, title = {IMPACT OF FEEDING ATRIPLEX HALIMUS AND ACACIA SALIGNA WITH DIFFERENT SOURCES OF ENERGY ON LAMBS PERFORMANCE}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-18}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27366}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to evaluate Atriplex (saltbush) and Acaciasupplemented with crushed barley grains (CBG) alone or with crushed date seeds(CDS) for fattening growing Barki lambs. Forty lambs (initial weight of 30.6 ± 3.50kg), 6-8 months age were divided by weight into four groups for 140 days. The first iscontrol group (CG) was fed berseem hay ad lib. plus CBG to cover 100% of theirmaintenance energy requirement (MER). The other three groups were fed ad lib. onfresh leaves and succulent stems of both Atriplex and Acacia supplemented with either100% of their MER from CBG for diet A, 50% CBG plus 50% CDS for diet B or 25%CBG plus 75% CDS for diet C, respectively. Lambs fed diets A, B, and C consumedslightly higher DMI (g/day/kg w0.75) than the CG. The apparent digestibility of DM,OM and NFE for diets A, B, and C decreased (P<0.05) than CG which related mainlyto changes in the type of roughage. Similarly, TDN values of the experimental dietswere decreased (P<0.01) according to both type of roughage (diet A) and source ofenergy (diets B and C). Contrariwise, digestible crude protein (DCP %) increased(P<0.01) due to replacing Atriplex and Acacia for berseem hay. Average daily gain(g/day) decreased (P<0.01) as a result of changing type of roughage. The best feedconversion was recorded for control diet followed by A and B diets with no significantdifferences. Otherwise, lamb groups fed Atriplex and Acacia recorded the highest(P<0.01) insensible water loss (ml/kgw0.82). Nitrogen retention (g/kgw0.57) wasdecreased (P<0.05) by changing type of roughage. This study indicate that lambs could  gain satisfy growth under harsh condition in arid and semi-arid areas of marginal lands, when fed Atriplex and Acacia shrubs supplemented with CBG and/or CDS at ratio 1:1of MER as fodder sources.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27366.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27366_62d6b901d02cbb8c1ff548a88096af56.pdf} } @article { author = {Bushara, Ibrahim and Abu Nikhaila, Abdel Moneim and Mekki, Dafalla}, title = {PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF TAGGAR GOATS AS AFFECTED BY TYPE OF RATION UNDER DRY LAND FARMING SYSTEM IN WESTERN SUDAN}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27367}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThe experiment was conducted on Taggar goats to evaluate the effect of twodifferent levels of protein and energy in ration on some reproductive and productivetraits. Forty seven (47) mature Taggar goats were used in this experiment. Animalswere allocated to three feeding regimes in a complete randomize design according tolive body weight. The results indicated that supplemented does secured higher litter size(1.50 and 1.33) compared with control group (1.2). Kidding rate was high insupplemented groups (100%) compared with control group (93.8%). Body weight washeavier at time of kidding and time at weaning for supplemented does compared withcontrol does. These results indicated that supplementation reduced body weight lossesthrough lactation period. The kidding interval for the supplemented does was shorter(247.81±8.38 and 242.60±7.88 days) for does in groups B and C respectively comparedwith does in control group (288.94±6.84 days). Similarly, the service period had beenreduced in supplemented does compared with control does, the respective values were74.32±4.96, 83.46±4.67 and 93.08±4.22 days for groups B, C and A, respectively. Theresults of milk analysis indicated that supplemented does produced higher protein,lactose and total solids content whereby the fat content was higher in control does. Thesupplementation that given to does had reduced the aborted number and abortion andmortality rates compared with the unsupplemented does. In conclusion the investigatedenvironmental factors showed an impact on both reproductive and productive traits ofthe Taggar goats under rangeland farming system.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27367.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27367_09e1fa5733f4cf458ab6ef9b5bf61236.pdf} } @article { author = {Mayi, Vahel and Alkass, Jalal}, title = {EFFECT OF FATTENING PERIOD ON GROWTH RATE AND CARCASS CHARACTRISTICS OF MERIZ AND BLACK GOATS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27368}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThis study was carried out at the Animal Farm, Animal Production Department,College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, where 10 Meriz goats averaged 13.65 kgweight and 3-4 months old and 10 Black goats averaged 30.3 kg weight and 6 monthsold were randomly divided into two groups and allocated to be fattened for either 90 or150 days.Result revealed that the daily gain, feed efficiency, dressing percentage basedon live body weight, rib eye area and fat thickness, lean, fat and bone percentageaveraged 98.73gm, 5.12 kg/kg, 46.96%, 9.44cm2, 1.15 mm, 64.07%, 16.89 % and 19.02% respectively for Meriz, while the corresponding values for Black goat were 75.58gm, 6.43 kg/kg, 49.42 %, 12.47 cm2, 1.75 mm, 63.73 %, 16.82 % and 19.44 %,respectively. No significant differences between 90 and 150 days fattening period wasobserved in all studied traits except some commercial cuts.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27368.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27368_648ae37fff426e9b7a42be80ecd3e3e5.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelrahman, Mutassim}, title = {PRODUCTIVITY OF GROWING BALADI KIDS FED HIGH ENERGY AND PROTECTED METHIONINE}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-16}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27369}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effect of both high dietary energy, as dry fat(MagnapacTM), and protected methionine (SmartamineTM) on growth, feed intake, feedconversion efficiency, trace mineral concentrations in blood serum and some tissues ofgrowing Baladi kids. Twenty Baladi kids (3 to 4 months old and 24.64±3.0 kg averagebody weight) were distributed equally into four treatment groups as follow: controlgroup given the standard requirements of NRC (1981) and tested groups were givenhigh energy (3.0 Mcal ME/kg DM) without (T1) or with 2.5 g methionine/head/day(T2) or 5.0 g methionine /head/day (T3) as SmartamineTM. Results indicate that feedingBaladi kids high energy and protected methionine didn't lead to increase total weightgain, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency. Treatments didn't cause anysignificant effect on dressing and organs percentage except the kidney. The omental fatpercentage were significantly (P<0.05) increased with feeding high energy without orwith 2.5 g/h/day protected methionine compared with the control, but intake of highprotected methionine (5 g/h/day; T3) caused a significant reduction in omental fatcompared with T1 and T2. Moreover, a significant effect of treatment on kidneys'cobalt, zinc and iron concentrations were found with variable changes for each mineralwithin groups. Copper concentration in blood serum showed significantly higher valuesfor the final blood sampling of kids from T1 and T2 compared with the control and T3. In conclusion, feeding Baladi kids high energy without or with methionine as SmartamineTM didn't cause any significant improve on their performance in term ofgrowth and feed conversion, but affect the omental fat percentage and some traceminerals concentrations. Moreover, the recommended NRC requirements for goats ofenergy and protein cover Baladi kids requirements for maximum growth andproductivity.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27369.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27369_ab1d15235852f5fa163cb6f427b6960f.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelrahman, Mutassim}, title = {EFFECT OF DIRECT-FED MICROBIAL (DFM) ® SUPPLEMENTS ON GENERAL PERFORMANCE OF NEWBORN AWASSI LAMBS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-18}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27370}, abstract = {ABSTRACTAccelerating the onset of weaning of pre-ruminant can be achieved byenhancing the development of rumen microorganisms using direct fed microbial(DFM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding DFM to newbornAwassi lambs on their performance at different weaning ages (30, 45 and 60 days old).Forty eight Awassi lambs divided randomly into six groups where each group assignedto one of the following treatments: control (C) (weaning at 60 days old); T1, 2 dosesDFM (weaning at 30 days old); T2, 2 doses DFM (weaning at 45 days old ); T3, 2doses DFM (weaning at 60 days old); T4, (weaned at 30 days old) and T5, (weaned at45 days old). Feed intake, body weight, blood samples, carcass weights and tissuessamples and weight were taken and recorded. Blood samples and tissues were analyzedfor mineral concentrations (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, Mn and Co) by using Atomic AbsorptionSpectrophotometer. A significant higher total weight gain were reported for lambs ofT2 (2 doses DFM-45 days weaning age) followed by the control, T1, T3, T4 and T5,respectively, but no significant differences among all groups was noticed in term oftotal feed conversion. The highest dressing percentage was found for lambs of thecontrol group followed by T1, T2 and T3 and the lowest for lambs from T4 and T5.Furthermore, no significant effect for treatments on all tissues percentages exceptkidney which showed significantly lower weights for all treated groups compared withthe control. The rumen and reticulum weights were higher for all treated groupscompared with control except lambs of T3. A significant effect of treatment, time andtreatment*time were detected for blood serum metabolites and minerals except for  Copper and Iron. Moreover, no significant effect for treatments on mineralconcentrations in kidney, liver and meat tissues.In conclusion, using direct fed microbial (DFM) accelerate the early weaning ofnewborn lambs (30 and 45 days old) by enhancing rumen microorganisms developmentespecially for the 45 days weaning age without any negative effect on their growth andperformance compared with weaning at 60 days old.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27370.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27370_7e5b63d2251288a29bc57966f01d356d.pdf} } @article { author = {AL-Sabbagh, Tareq}, title = {EFFECT OF BODY CONDITION SCORE, LITTER SIZE AND EMBRYO SEX ON COLOSTRAL IGG LEVELS IN EWES DELIVERED IN KUWAIT.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-1}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27371}, abstract = {ABSTRACTBody condition was measured weekly for sixty two Border Licester Merinoewes delivered in Kuwait. Scores of body condition, as a measure of nutritional status,were collected until lambing. The Body condition score at lambing demonstrated aclinically meaningful influence on the colostrom concentration collected from the eweswithin twelve hours post lambing, that did not reach statistical significance. Ewes withscores ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 were superior regarding IgG concentration than thoseeither scored higher or lower than this range. Lambs that were born to ewes with bodycondition score of 2.5-3.5 at lambing weaned heavier than those were born to ewes ofeither higher or lower body condition score at lambing (BCSL) (p= 0.02). Weaningweights (95 days post partum) for these lambs were heavier because of the quality ofcolostrum they were fed. Sex of lambs born did not affect the quality of colostrum. In general, it wasfound that colostrum belong to ewes that gave twins was of higher quality thancolostrum of ewes that gave singles. Although difference was not significant, malelambs tended to be born heavier than female lambs whether they were born single ortwins. Male lambs weaned heavier than female lambs (23.7 Kg vs. 20.65 Kg,respectively) at the age of 95 days.Time of milk collection was demonstrated to be a significant factor incolostrum concentration. Samples that were collected closer to the time of lambing hadhigher colostrum concentration (p=0.002).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27371.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27371_8ace039448289069a4d7528f7e3403ea.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Sabbagh, T. and Dashti, J. and Al-Abdulla, T.}, title = {A COMPARISON OF THE CARCASS COMPOSITION OF STRAIGHTBRED AND CROSSBRED LAMBS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-1}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27372}, abstract = {ABSTRACTCarcass composition of Naeemi (N), Chios (C), Texel (T), Naeemi x Texel(NxT) and Naeemi x Border Leicester Merino (NxBLM) lambs were studied at a meanslaughter weight of 45 kg. One half of each carcass was dissected into subcutaneous fat,muscle and bone, where dissected components were weighed separately to determinecomposition of individual carcasses. The aim of the study was to compare dressingpercentage and carcass composition of lambs of the five genetic groups.The overall means for dressing percentage, half-carcass weight, and weights ofsubcutaneous fat, muscle and bone in the half carcass were 44.9% and 10.1, 0.79, 7.4and 1.69 kg, respectively. Dressing percentage was the lowest for N (39.4%) and thehighest for NxT (47.5%), subcutaneous fat was the lowest for T (0.32 kg) and thehighest for NxT (1.39 kg) and muscle was the lowest for N (6.6 kg) and the highest forNxT (8.1 kg). Breed differences were significant for dressing percentage, half-carcassweight and subcutaneous fat (P<0.01), but were not significant for muscle and bone.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27372.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27372_ae93b3cdbb1858077916ac62ce354dec.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Shafie, M. and El-Ashmawy, T.}, title = {PERFORMANCE OF GOATS FED RATIONS CONTAINING WHOLE SUNFLOWER SEEDS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-1}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27373}, abstract = {ABESTRACTThis study include a comparative milk productin trial and digestability trials toevaluate the effect of inclusion of whole sunflower seeds in goat‘s ration. Thirty Zaraibigoats of 4-5 years old and 41.041.19 kg average body weight were used for milkproduction assessment and 9 Zaraibi bucks were used for digestability trials. Animalwere randomly distributed into three groups where all fed 50% concentrate feedmixture + 50% berseem hay. Goats in group 1 served as a control group (G1); goats inG2 and G3 were fed the control ration while whole sunflower seeds (Halianthusannuus) replaced 5% and 10% of the concentrate feed part, respectively. The digestioncoefficients of DM, CP and NFE are slightly increased by adding sunflower but thedifferences were not significant among treatment groups. There were no significantdifferences between groups in ruminal pH, NH3-N and TVFA's values as a result ofexperimental treatment during the same collected time. Milk yield was higher (p<0.05)in G2 and G3 than in G1 . Addition of sunflower seeds in the goats‘ rations increased(p<0.05) milk fat, protein and total solids while decreased lactose percent. Addition of10% sunflower seed showed higher serum total lipid, triglyceride than those of 5%sunflower seed or control with significant differences (P<0.05) during suckling andlactation periods. The concentration of serum chlesterol was significantly lower intreated groups than control group espesialy with 10 % sunflower. The goats in controlgroup had nearly the same mean serum glucose level compared to the other two groups,while the serum glucose concentration was slightly higher in suckling period than lactation period in all groups.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27373.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27373_28b20b36fcf06bd7b4de7980c1f1ab58.pdf} } @article { author = {H., Abd El-Rahman, and Abedo, A. and Salman, Fatma and Mohamed, M. and Shoukry., M.}, title = {PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF CUMIN SEED MEAL BY JATROPHA MEAL AS A POTENTIAL PROTEIN SOURCE FOR FEEDING}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-1}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27374}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThis study was carried out to evaluate the effect of incorporating the Jatrophacurcas meal in place of cumin seed meal (Nigella sativa) as a new source of protein onnutrients digestibility, feeding value, growth performance and economic efficiency ofgrowing Damascus goats . Feeding trial lasted for 90 days was conducted using 12growing Damascus goats(average 23.26 kg live body weight and 6-8 month old). Theanimals were randomly divided into four groups and fed at 3% of live body weight onfour experimental rations. The first group received control ration consisted ofconcentrate feed mixture (40% yellow corn grains; 20% cumin seed meal; 17% wheatbran; 20% bean straw, 2.0% lime stone; 1.0% salt). In the second, third and fourthrations, cumin seed meal (CSM) was replaced with 10.0%, 20.0% and 30.0% jatrophaseed meal (JSM), respectively. The chemical composition, digestibility coefficients,nutritive values, daily gain, feed conversion and economical efficiency weredetermined. The results indicated that differences among digestion coefficients of allnutrients and nutritive value were not significant in four tested rations. The highestvalue of average daily gain (P< 0.05) was recorded for goats fed on R1 and R2compared with those fed R3 and R4. Feed conversion as a Kg DMI/kg gain wassignificantly (P< 0.05) better for G1 and G2 (7.10 and 7.04) than G3 (7.35) and G4(8.05). Total feed cost was decreased for R4 and R3 (577.73 and 580.66 L.E./h)compared with 593.16 and 592.01 L.E./h for R1 and R2, respectively. On the otherhand, the economic efficiency of animals fed rations contained 10% and 20% JSM washigher (16.04% and 15.66%) than those fed 0% and 30% JSM (14.47% and 14.0%),respectively. Similar trend was noticed for relative economic efficiency value (110.85%and 108.22%) which recorded for R2 and R3 compared with 100% and 96.75% for R1and R4, respectively.This study highlight that further researches may be required to study the effectof increasing the level of JSM used in goat rations than 30%, which not caused anyadverse effect on the animals.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27374.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27374_f843b5ca6b14d2dc1cc68618321e9488.pdf} } @article { author = {I., Khalifa , and E., Ahmed, and M, Abdel- Gawad, and A., El-Zelaky,}, title = {THE EFFECT OF INSEMINATION TIMING ON FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO GENDER IN ZARAIBI GOATS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27375}, abstract = {SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH of cervical mucusand vaginal temperatures from onset of oestrus up to insemination time on sex ratio inZaraibi goats. Three Zaraibi bucks were used for semen collection. Semen wasevaluated and immediately diluted with tris-yolk fructose (TYF) extender. Nanny goats(n=44) were artificially inseminated with 1 ml extended semen containing 600x106motile spermatozoa. Nanny goats were allocated into four groups (11 females each).The interval time to estimate pH of cervical mucus and vaginal temperatures duringoestrus period was 6 hrs. Artificial insemination was performed as following: group(G1) goats were artificially inseminated at onset of oestrus (zero time) whichconsidered as control group. The groups G2, G3 and G4 were artificially inseminated at12, 24 and 36 hours (hrs) after beginning of heat , respectively. Oestrus was detectedeight times daily with three hours interval and determined when doe stand to bemounted. The results indicated that the lowest (P<0.05) value of pH of cervical mucusand vaginal temperatures were recorded at 24 and 30 hours of heat. The kidding rateswere 54.5, 81.8, 100 and 100 in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Goats inseminated at0 hr (G1) gave 50% males and 50% females. Goats inseminated at 12 hr produced62.50% males and 37.50% females. The highest female ratio of offspring (84.62% vs.15.38% male) were obtained in G3. In contrast, G4 recorded 73.08% male and 26.92%female kids.  It is proved that the period between onset of oestrus to insemination time isable to alter forward motility for either X or Y chromosomes to change the sex kind offetal gender in Zaraibi nanny goats.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27375.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27375_b391346afeaacfb5a683554d1248d727.pdf} } @article { author = {M., Ashmawy, and A., Sallam, and Abd El-Khalek, A. and El-Saidy, B. and Gabr, M.}, title = {RECOVERY AND FERTLIZATION RATES OF GOAT SPERMATOZOA AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF EGG YOLK, DILUTION RATES, FREEZING METHOD AND MONTHS OF THE YEAR}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27379}, abstract = {ABSTRACTSemen from10 fertile 1/2 Damascus-1/2 Baladi crossbred bucks (3-5 years old)was collected by artificial vagina twice weekly for 12 months. Eُjaculates with massmotility ≥80% were pooled to be used in series of five experiments. In the 1stexperiment, semen was diluted with Tris-citric acid-glucose-glycerol extender to selectthe best level of egg yolk among the levels 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0 and 20% verifyingthe highest sperm post-thawing motility where it was found as 2.5%. Experiment II,was to select the best dilution rate among the rates 1:4, 1:5, 1:8, 1:10 and 1:16 whichwas found to be 1:5. Semen diluted with 2.5% egg yolk in Tris-based extender at a rateof 1:5 was used to compare freezing in straws or in pellets form (Exp. III). Inexperiment IV, post-thaw sperm motility and recovery rate were compared amongmonths of the year. Fertility rate by using frozen semen in pellets form with differentsperm cell doses (100, 200 and 300x106/cervical inseminate) was assessed (Exp. V).The results revealed that sperm motility percentage was the highest in postthawsemen diluted with Tris extender containing 2.5% egg yolk at a rate of 1: 5(54.5%, P<0.05) and the lowest (45.4%, P<0.05) at a rate of 1:16. Freezing goat semenshowed higher post-thaw motility when was in pellets compared to straws (49.04% vs.43.54%, P<0.05). Sperm motility in fresh, post-diluted and post-thaw semen showedthe highest values during autumn months (Sept.-Nov.) and the lowest during summer months (June-Aug.). Fertility rate in does artificially inseminated with 100, 200 and 300x 106 motile spermatozoa in pellets form was 31.57, 42.10 and 50.00%, respectively.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27379.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27379_8dd17605a06942457987405ea8552f4d.pdf} } @article { author = {Habeeb, Alsaied}, title = {ESTIMATION OF TOTAL BODY WATER IN SHEEP AND GOATS USING ANTIPYRINE FOR DETECTION OF HEAT ADAPTABILITY COEFFICIENT}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-2}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27380}, abstract = {ABSTRACTInformation on the body water of the live sheep and goats is importantfor research either the research involves nutrition, physiology, genetic, diseaseor meat production. Body weight alone provides a poor index of themetabolically active tissue or the mass of tissue available for meat. Live bodyweight including total solids and total body water. Water retention is known tovary considerably between animals during growth due to differences in the rateof accumulation of the less hydrated, fat, collegen and fibrous tissues inreplacement of the more hydrated functioning protoplasmic mass and to the agedifference in response to nutritional and climatic factors. Chemical analysis ofthe whole bodies of animals is a tedious, time-consuming and expensiveoperation. The high cost of animal analysis have created an interest in indirectmethods of estimating body water. Indirect methods also can provide repeatedestimates of body composition for the same animal whereas slaughter andchemical analysis obviously can only be done once. Estimating the total bodywater using antipyrine in live sheep and goats and consequently detection of theheat adaptability coefficient can be done by any one from the 3 techniques asfollowing: 1 - Total body water (TBW) using Antipyrine dilution technique: Thepercentage increase in TBW due to heat stress conditions may be used as indexfor heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) as following: HTC =100 - [TBW2 -TBW1 /TBW1 x 100] where TBW1 and TBW2 are the total body water duringthermoneutral (TN) and hot (HS) climates, respectively. The most heat tolerantanimals are those with the highest values.2 - Total body solids (TBS) (Live body weight-TBW): Total body solids lossdue to heat stress which includes lean body mass and body fat may be used asHTI. TBW is determined using Antipyrine before and after heat exposure andeach value subtracted from the corresponding live body weight to obtain TBS atTN and HS climates as following: HTC = 100 – [TBS at TN –TBS at HS / TBS at TN x 100]3 -TBW/ TBS ratio: The heat induced changes in TBW (ml) / TBS (g) as heat tolerance index inanimals. Daily body weight gain (DBWG) had significantly negative correlation with TBW /TBS as follows:DBWG = 920.4 – 252.2 x TBW / TBS {r = - 0.8925, P < 0.002}}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27380.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27380_9b27f7dbb1f35ecd061fc29cb0655b12.pdf} } @article { author = {O., Gnan, and M., Bakory, and M., Eshriha, and F., Magid, and A., Ahmed,}, title = {MINERAL CONCENTRATION IN MILK OF LIBYAN BARBARY SHEEP}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-2}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27381}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThe experiment was carried out at the sheep Research Station of University ofAlfateh near Tripoli .Thirty ewes were chosen at random from the flock during thelambing season and hand milked at weekly interval during lactation .On the test day, lambs were separated from their mothers 12 hours beforemilking, samples were collected for chemical analysis that included the majorconstituents (protein, fat, water and lactose ) & minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium,magnesium, phosphorus and Iron).The average values of milk constituents were 5.9, 5.3, 5.6 & 83.6% for fat,protein, lactose & water, respectively. The percentage of total soilds in libyan sheepmilk was 16.8%.The concentration of minerals in milk were 51.4 mg/100g for sodium, 119.3mg/100g for potassium, 56 mg/100g for calcium, 19.3 mg/100g for magnesium, 129.2mg/100g for phosphorous and 0.79 mg /100g for Iron during the lactation season .Age of ewes, sex of lambs & type of birth of the ewe were factors considered affectingmilk constituents & minerals. Type of birth of the lambs was not included because all lambs were single born.The results show that 4 years old ewe were the highest in phosphorus concentrationwhile the 6 year old ewes were higher in sodium, potassium & iron. The 5 years oldewes were higher in calcium concentration. Single born ewes were higher in calcium &phosphorus concentration as compared to twin born ewes. Twin born ewes were higherin sodium, potassium, magnesium, & iron concentrations.The results have also showed that ewes with male lambs had higher sodium,potassium, calcium & magnesium concentrations. The ewes with female lambs werehigher in phosphorous concentration as compared to ewes with male lambs.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27381.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27381_88e0a7bddce954f85e9433708f33cc12.pdf} } @article { author = {O., Hanus and V., Gencurova and M., Vyletelova and J., Kucera and H., Landova}, title = {IMPACT OF SOME UDDER HEALTH STATE INDICATORS ON MILK FREEZING POINT IN SMALL RUMINANTS AND CATTLE}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27382}, abstract = {ABSTRACTMilk freezing point (MFP) as physical indicator is used for milk food chainquality (MFCQ) control. Also udder health state (UHS) is important for MFCQ. Thispaper was aimed to show some relationships of MFP to other milk UHS indicators.There could be species differences. Cow milk was a reference to goat and sheep. Bulkmilk samples came from 3 dairy herds of Czech Fleckvieh cattle (B) and 1 goat andsheep herd (White short-haired (W) and Tsigai (C)). Lactose (L), somatic cell count(SCC) and natrium (Na) content as milk indicators (MIs) were investigated as UHSindicators. Goat MFP was -0.5544 ± 0.0293 ºC and differed (P < 0.001) from B MFP -0.5221 ± 0.0043 and C MFP -0.6048 ± 0.0691 ºC. The MIs in ruminants were relativelynormal with exception of higher SCC in W and C. The cow MFP was related to L (-0.36; P < 0.01). MFP was not correlated to L (-0.07; P > 0.05) in W and was related toL (0.40; P < 0.01) in C. In B it was in accordance with declared participation of L onMFP (54%). Different W and C results could be explainable by worse SCC. Resultscould be used for MFCQ control improvement.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27382.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27382_170b9c8d7d343281e80cc3798a9c490a.pdf} } @article { author = {Khan, M. and Hussain, A. and Iqbal, Z. and khan, M. and Sajid, M.}, title = {EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF LAGENARIA SICERARIA (MOLINA) STANDL AND ALBIZIA LEBBECK L. AGAINST GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF SHEEP}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-16}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27383}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThe present study was designed to determine in vitro and in vivo anthelminticactivity of Lagenaria (L.) siceraria and Albizia (A.) lebbeck againstgastrointestinal helminths of sheep. In vitro anthelmintic activity of crude aqueousmethanolic extract (CAME) of both plants was evaluated against Haemonchus(H.) contortus and their eggs through adult motility assay (AMA) and egg hatchtest (EHT), respectively. In vivo anthelmintic activity of different concentrations(1.0-8.0g/kg-1) of crude powder (CP) and CAME of both plants was determinedusing faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in sheep naturally infected withgastrointestinal helminths. CAME of both plants exhibited strong in vitroanthelmintic activity and distinct inhibitory effects on hatching of H. contortuseggs as determined through AMA and EHT. In AMA, the efficacy of A. lebbeck(3.75 μg/ mL-1) was higher (P≤0.05) as compared to L. siceraria (4.21 μg/mL-1), whilein EHT, L. siceraria (2.53 μg/mL-1) was found more potent (P≤0.05) than A. lebbeck(2.75 μg/mL-1). However, in vivo, maximum reduction in egg per gram of faeces wasobserved as 46.7% and 45.9% with CP and CAME of L. siceraria and as 39.0% and47% with those of A. lebbeck at 8g/ kg-1 on 15 days post-treatment, respectively.The present data may indicate that L. siceraria and A. lebbeck contain stronganthelmintic agent that act either in vivo or in vitro which may justify theirtraditional use as ethnoveterinary medicine.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27383.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27383_648d84f15bfda8fb8c57885d26990c91.pdf} } @article { author = {Tiwari, S. and Roy, Angan and Mondal, Samiran and Gendley, M.}, title = {SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY STUDY OF UREA MOLASSES MINERAL BLOCK IN GOAT KIDS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27384}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThis experiment was to evaluate the effects of urea molasses mineral block(UMMB) supplementation on subchronic toxicity in indigenous goat kids. Twentygrowing goat kids were randomly assigned to receive ad libitum rice straw and berseemhay (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) (40:60). Group I was fed concentrate mixture (0.1kg/d). Group II was supplemented with UMMB (0.2kg/d). The experiment lasted for 90days. There was significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum sodium (60.68mEq/L), increasein serum potassium (34.50 mEq/L) and increase in activity of Aspartateaminotransferase (340.42U/L) and Alanine aminotransferase (164.96 U/L) which wereobserved in kids of group II in comparision to the control (group I). Onhistopathological examination mild degenerative changes in kidney of group II withcongestion in intertubular vessel, granular cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in proximalconvoluted tubules (PCT) and distal convoluted tubules (DCT), necrosis and swellingof the epithelial cells, congestion of vessels and cloudy swelling was observed in PCTand DCT. Albuminious mass was also present in tubule. On histopathologicalobservation of liver of kids of group II edema in liver parenchyma and proliferation offibrous tissue in periportal area was observed.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27384.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27384_705c3511f6004848c0b4f43858f19587.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmad, Tanveer and Mahfooz, Ashar and Hussain, Shujaat and Zafar, Muhmmad and Yousaf, Arfan and Abbas, Rao}, title = {ANTHELMINTIC EFFICACY OF DORAMECTIN, ALBENDAZOLE AND LEVAMISOLE AGAINST NEMATODES OF SHEEP}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27385}, abstract = {ABSTRACTComparative anthelmintic efficacy of doramectin, albendazole and levamisolewas evaluated in 40 sheep naturally parasitized with Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus,Oesophagostomum and Ostertagia species. Doramectin, albendazole and levamisolewere found 100, 97.88 and 99.83% effective, respectively in reducing egg per gram offeces. The animal treated with these anthelmintics gained more weight gain ascompared to untreated control. It was recommended that doramectin can be used as adrug of choice against nematodes of sheep followed by levamisole and albendasole .}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27385.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27385_a2bddb564c01ca55403bf218e6bb387e.pdf} } @article { author = {Yousaf, Arfan and Ahmad, Tanveer and Zafar, Muhammad and Abbas, Rao}, title = {TRIALS ON TETANUS TREATMENT IN BEETAL GOATS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27386}, abstract = {ABSTRACTIn the present study two different routes of anti-tetanus serum (ATS)administration were evaluated in naturally infected Beetal goats. A total of 10 goatsduring two years periods were registered at outdoor clinics of Department of ClinicalMedicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. First 5 goats (irrespectiveof sex and age) were treated by using protocol –I (Inj. procaine penicillin- 1 millionI.U./ IM + ATS- 10 thousands I.U/ IV+ Inj. Diazepam- 1ml IM) and other 5 goatsreceived treatment protocol –II (Inj. procaine penicillin- 1 million I.U, IM + ATS- 10thousands I.U IM + Inj. Diazepam- 1ml IM ). Anti-tetanus serum was administeredonce daily in both protocols while administration of penicillin and diazepam wascontinued as far the animal survived. None of the goats receiving the two protocolsrecovered from tetanus and most of the animals died/ slaughtered within 5 days ofappearance of clinical signs. The study concluded that treatment of tetanus in goat is notsuccessful}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27386.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27386_1b87d910689f5d8a9c16c77374552748.pdf} } @article { author = {Makhdoomi, D. and Tufani, N.}, title = {INFECTIOUS AND NON INFECTIOUS DISEASES AS CAUSE OF MORTALITY IN SHEEP}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27387}, abstract = {ABSTRACTAn investigation of perinatal mortality in Dachigam Sheep Breeding Farm,, Kashmir(India) was conducted from January 2002 to December 2009. The aim of the study was todetermine whether lambs born in different seasons manifest a different diseases and mortalityrate. The lambing seasons were grouped after birth month of lambs as winter (December-February), spring (March-May), summer (June-August) and autumn (September-November). Atotal of 1842 lambs were born during 2002-2009. A mortality of 9.77% (180 cases) wasrecorded due to infectious and non-infectious causes. Mortality due to infectious causes washigher (7.55%) than non-infectious causes (2.23%). Among the infectious causes mortality washigher due to pneumonia (3.75%) followed by enteritis (1.95%). Wild attacks (1.36%) andhypothermia (0.27%) was also an important cause of mortality during the study period. Seasonalimpact on mortality was highest during winter (33.33%) and followed by summer (29.44%).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27387.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27387_4ae9dcdae7e7bea0f70ae3f2f9982ac8.pdf} } @article { author = {Zafar, M. and Ahmad, T. and Yousaf, A. and Abbas, R. and Sarfaraz, I.}, title = {COMPARISON OF HYPERTONIC AND ISOTONIC SALINE SOLUTIONS IN DIARRHEA-INDUCED DEHYDRATION THERAPY IN GOATS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Egyptian Association for Sheep and Goats}, issn = {2090-0386}, eissn = {2090-0376}, doi = {10.21608/ejsgs.2010.27388}, abstract = {ABSTRACTThis study was contemplated to compare the effects of hypertonic (7.5% NaCl;2,400 mOsm/L) and isotonic (0.9% NaCl; 300 mOsm/L) saline solutions associatedwith oral rehydrating solution, on plasma volume, serum biochemical profile and serumelectrolytes in goats with osmotic diarrhea-induced dehydration. For this purpose,eighteen Beetle goats, aged 9 to 12 months, were used. Goats were randomly dividedinto three groups: group A, with no treatment (diarrhea control group); group B,treatment with isotonic saline plus oral solution; and group C, treatment with hypertonicsaline plus oral solution. Animals with no treatment presented aqueous diarrhea,decreased plasma volume, severe hyponatremia, hypochloremia and hypokalemia. Theuse of small volumes of hypertonic saline solution in a single dose restored the plasmavolume and serum sodium and chloride concentrations. When compared to isotonicsaline, hypertonic saline brought about a less marked hemodilution and reestablishedserum potassium concentration. We concluded that a rapid infusion of small volume ofhypertonic saline solution with oral rehydrating solution immediately increases plasmavolume, serum sodium and chloride concentrations and restores the volume ofextracellular fluid constituting a practical and economical alternative to the use of largevolumes of isotonic saline solution.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27388.html}, eprint = {https://ejsgs.journals.ekb.eg/article_27388_3a00ff8189858a45a309092fefa2f099.pdf} }